外语教学与研究

外语教学与研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 113-123.

• 翻译研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

翻译汉语的活动度——基于在线语料库的研究

徐佐浩 蒋跃   

  1. 西安交通大学/湖南理工学院（徐）, 西安交通大学（蒋）
  • 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-01-25
  • 基金资助:
    本文系蒋跃主持的国家社科基金规划项目“译出与译入文本语言特征的计量风格学研究”（17BYY007）的阶段性成果。

Activity of translational Chinese: A study based on three online corpora

XU Zuohao & JIANG Yue   

  1. School of Foreign Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-25

摘要： 活动度是计量语言学的一种文体参数，指文本中的动词总数占动词与形容词总数之和的比例。它反映了这两种词性在文本里的动态协同关系，已经在语言类型和文体的研究中获得应用和认可，然而尚未应用于翻译汉语的研究。本文以活动度为观察项，基于三大在线语料库（LCMC、ZCTC、布朗家族扩展语料库），比较翻译汉语与原创汉语、原创英语在4大类和15小类体裁里的差异。研究发现：1）翻译汉语的活动度基本上处于原创汉语与原创英语之间，但更接近原创汉语，而更偏离原创英语；2）翻译汉语的活动度在非文学体裁翻译里更接近原创汉语，在文学体裁翻译里更偏离原创汉语，与原创英语相比的结果则相反；3）翻译汉语的活动度在各种体裁里的分布曲线不及原创汉语和原创英语的活动度那么陡峭。上述发现表明，翻译语言是调节性和受限性的语言变体；非文学翻译的语体特征可能更接近目标语而更偏离原语；翻译语言的体裁差异并不像原创语言那么明显。

关键词: 翻译汉语, 活动度, 原创语言, 特征

Abstract: Activity is a stylistic parameter referring to the ratio of verb number to the sum number of verbs and adjectives. The present paper compares translational Chinese, original Chinese, and original English in 4 broad and 15 specific genres, in terms of activity, based on three online corpora LCMC, ZCTC and Brown Family (extended). The findings include: 1) Activity of the translational Chinese stays within the interval from that of the original Chinese to that of the original English, and is closer to the former and more distant to the latter. 2) Activity of the translational Chinese is close to that of the original Chinese in non-fictions while distant in fictions, but when compared with the original English, the result is in reverse. 3) The distribution curve of the translational Chinese activity in all genres is not as abrupt as that of the original Chinese and the original English. These findings suggest that, firstly, translational language is a mediated and restricted language variant, and secondly, the stylistic features of the nonfictional translations are closer to those of the target language but more distant to those of the source language, and thirdly, translational language is not as genre-sensitive as the original language.

中图分类号: 

  • H315.9